Study on Amlodipine and Its Analytical Methods

Author:
Shubham Khash, Dr. Jitendra Kumar Malik and Surendra Pratap Singh
Shubham Khash

Published Date: 25-Feb, 2023

Keywords: Amlodipine, Formulation, Calcium channel blocker, Pharmacokinetics

Abstract:
Amlodipine (Norvasc) reduces hypertension and atherosclerosis. Orally. Swelling, fatigue, stomachache, and nausea are symptoms. Heart attacks and low blood pressure may kill. Unknown pregnancy and nursing safety Liver disease and ageing diminish the dose. Amlodipine dilates arteries. extended-release dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. In 1982, amlodipine was patented. It is classified as "essential medicine" by the WHO.This drug is generic. It will have approximately 69 million prescriptions in 2020. Amlodipine is widely used and investigated. These combination medications are not pharmacopoeia-analyzed. Analysts struggle to meet medication criteria while optimising analytical techniques. Multiple spectroscopic, chromatographic, and capillary electrophoresis studies have evaluated amlodipine and its formulation utilising UV, DF, electrochemical, and mass spectrometric (MS) detectors. This paper collects as many amlodipine analysis approaches as possible so researchers may pick the most relevant data for their methodology. International drug analysis procedures are uncommon. Researchers and companies will improve amlodipine and formulation analysis procedures. Amlodipine requires lab or industrial testing.

References:

Mishra AP, Bajpai A, Rai AK. 1, 4-Dihydropyridine: a dependable heterocyclic ring with the promising and the most anticipable therapeutic effects. Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry. 2019 Sep 1;19(15):1219-54.

DePace NL, Colombo J, DePace NL, Colombo J. Mind-Body Wellness Program Benefits. Clinical Autonomic and Mitochondrial Disorders: Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment for Mind-Body Wellness. 2019:397-499.

Chernecky C. ABC's: A Reality Based Pedagogy for Clinical Nursing Evaluation. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice. 2012 Jan 1;2(1):51.

Bulsara KG, Cassagnol M. Amlodipine. InStatPearls [Internet] 2022 Jan 24. StatPearls Publishing.

Yousef WM, Omar AH, Morsy MD, Abd El-Wahed MM, Ghanayem NM. The mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Dubai Diabetes and Endocrinology Journal. 2005;13:76-82.

Shirley M, McCormack PL. Perindopril/amlodipine (Prestalia?): a review in hypertension. American Journal Of Cardiovascular Drugs. 2015 Oct;15:363-70.

Kataoka C, Egashira K, Ishibashi M, Inoue S, Ni W, Hiasa KI, Kitamoto S, Usui M, Takeshita A. Novel anti-inflammatory actions of amlodipine in a rat model of arteriosclerosis induced by long-term inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 2004 Feb;286(2):H768-74.

He Y, Si D, Yang C, Ni L, Li B, Ding M, Yang P. The effects of amlodipine and S (-)-amlodipine on vascular endothelial function in patients with hypertension. American journal of hypertension. 2014 Jan 1;27(1):27-31.

Elliott WJ, Ram CV. Calcium channel blockers. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 2011 Sep;13(9):687.

Madi M, Shetty SR, Babu SG, Achalli S. Amlodipine-induced gingival hyperplasia?a case report and review. The West Indian Medical Journal. 2015 Jun;64(3):279.

Chung M, Calcagni A, Glue P, Bramson C. Effect of food on the bioavailability of amlodipine besylate/atorvastatin calcium combination tablet. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2006 Oct 1;46(10):1212-7.

Nojavan S, Fakhari AR. Electro membrane extraction combined with capillary electrophoresis for the determination of amlodipine enantiomers in biological samples. Journal of separation science. 2010 Oct;33(20):3231-8.

Zisaki A, Miskovic L, Hatzimanikatis V. Antihypertensive drugs metabolism: an update to pharmacokinetic profiles and computational approaches. Current pharmaceutical design. 2015 Feb 1;21(6):806-22.

Cohen H. Drugs affecting circulation: antihypertensives, antianginals, antithrombotics. Rau's Respiratory Care Pharmacology-E-Book. 2015 Sep 11;370.

Frampton JE, Scott LJ. Amlodipine/valsartan single-pill combination: a review of its use in the management of hypertension. American journal of cardiovascular drugs. 2009 Oct;9:309-30.

Ton FN, Gunawardene SC, Lee H, Neer RM. Effects of low‐dose prednisone on bone metabolism. Journal of bone and mineral research. 2005 Mar;20(3):464-70.

Hernaez R, Solà E, Moreau R, Ginès P. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: an update. Gut. 2017 Mar 1;66(3):541-53

Butler K, Teng R. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of ticagrelor in volunteers with severe renal impairment. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2012 Sep;52(9):1388-98

Story L, Chappell LC. Preterm preeclampsia: what every neonatologist should know. Early human development. 2017 Nov 1;114:26-30

Anderson PO. Drug treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon of the nipple. Breastfeeding Medicine. 2020 Nov 1;15(11):686-8.

Joshi VD, Dahake AP, Suthar AP. Adverse effects associated with the use of antihypertensive drugs: An overview. Int. J. Pharm. Tech. Res. 2010 Jan;2:10-3

Varghese G, Madi L, Ghannam M, Saad R. A possible increase in liver enzymes due to amlodipine: A case report. SAGE Open Medical Case Reports. 2020 Jun;8:2050313X20917822.

Liang H, Zhang X, Ma Z, Sun Y, Shu C, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Hu S, Fu X, Liu L. Association of cyp3a5 gene polymorphisms and amlodipine-induced peripheral edema in Chinese han patients with essential hypertension. Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine. 2021 Feb 2:189-97.

Fretheim A, Odgaard-Jensen J, Brørs O, Madsen S, Njølstad I, Norheim OF, Svilaas A, Kristiansen IS, Thürmer H, Flottorp S. Comparative effectiveness of antihypertensive medication for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and multiple treatments meta-analysis. BMC medicine. 2012 Dec;10(1):1-4

Frieden TR, Varghese CV, Kishore SP, Campbell NR, Moran AE, Padwal R, Jaffe MG. Scaling up effective treatment of hypertension—A pathfinder for universal health coverage. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 2019 Oct;21(10):1442-9.

Uddina AH, Alaamaa M, Zaidul IS, Abbasb SA. Current analytical methods for amlodipine and its formulations: a review. Journal Clean WAS (JCleanWAS). 2017 Oct 1;1(1):17-22

Ananchenko G, Novakovic J, Lewis J. Amlodipine besylate. Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients and Related Methodology. 2012 Jan 1;37:31-77.

Sadiq M, Sadiq S, Khan M, Ali M, Ali Q. Tenable Low Cost Metals Nanoparticles for Favorable Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol. InChair of the Conference (p. 79).

Kakde RB, Kotak VH, Barsagade AG, Chaudhary NK, Kale DL. Spectrophotometric method for simultaneous estimation of amlodipine besylate and bisoprolol fumarate in pharmaceutical preparations. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2008;1(4):513-5.

El Hamd MA, El-Maghrabey MH, Almawash S, El-Shaheny RN. Green Hydrotropic Technology as a Convenient Tool for the Handling of Poor WaterSoluble Candidates Proceeding Their Economic Analytical Measurements. InGreen Chemical Analysis and Sample Preparations: Procedures, Instrumentation, Data Metrics, and Sustainability 2022 Jun 21 (pp. 265-309). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Chhabra G, Chuttani K, Mishra AK, Pathak K. Design and development of nanoemulsion drug delivery system of amlodipine besilate for improvement of oral bioavailability. Drug development and industrial pharmacy. 2011 Aug 1;37(8):907-16.

...
Journal: Research Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy
ISSN(Online): 2945-431X
Publisher: Embar Publishers
Frequency: Bi-Monthly
Chief Editor: Dr Mohammad Jamali
Language: English
Information
For Author
  Submit Manuscript