EMBAR

Author:
Patick Michael Ogeto
Department of Social Studies, Laikipia University, Kenya

DOI: doi.org/10.58924/rjhss.v5.iss2.p4

Published Date: 26-Mar, 2026

Keywords: Border disputes, Elemi Triangle, Kenya-Somalia conflict, Migingo Island, Territorial Integrity.

Abstract:
Kenya has faced persistent territorial conflicts that threaten national security, economic stability, and diplomatic relations with neighboring countries. Rooted in historical claims, colonial-era border demarcations, and competition over resources, these disputes such as those involving the Elemi Triangle, Migingo Island, the Kenya-Somalia border, and the Kenya-Tanzania border, have led to tensions and occasional violence. This study employs a mixed-method approach, integrating archival research, government reports, and expert interviews to analyze the historical, legal, and security dimensions of these conflicts. The paper explores the socio-economic consequences of border disputes, particularly their effects on local communities, trade, and resource management. Despite these challenges, opportunities exist for peaceful resolution through frameworks such as the East African Community (EAC), the African Union (AU), and international legal mechanisms like the International Court of Justice (ICJ). The findings suggest that while unresolved disputes pose security risks, they also offer avenues for regional cooperation and shared resource governance. The study concludes with policy recommendations, including diplomatic negotiations, adherence to international rulings, cross-border trade facilitation, and enhanced border security. A strategic approach to border management can promote regional stability, economic integration, and sustainable development.

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